Science-Backed

Here is a taste of some of the key science behind our top-selling products

MentaBiotics: Probiotics

Assessment of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in rats and human subjects. Messaoudi M, Lalonde R, Violle N, Javelot H, Desor D, Nejdi A, Bisson JF, Rougeot C, Pichelin M, Cazaubiel M, Cazaubiel JM. Br J Nutr. 2011 Mar;105(5):755-64.

Beneficial psychological effects of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in healthy human volunteers. Messaoudi M, Violle N, Bisson JF, Desor D, Javelot H, Rougeot C. Gut Microbes. 2011 Jul-Aug;2(4):256-61.

Health-Promoting Properties of Lactobacillus helveticus. Taverniti V, Guglielmetti S. Front Microbiol. 2012 Nov 19;3:392.

Chronic gastrointestinal inflammation induces anxiety-like behavior and alters central nervous system biochemistry in mice. Bercik P, Verdu EF, Foster JA, Macri J, Potter M, Huang X, Malinowski P, Jackson W, Blennerhassett P, Neufeld KA, Lu J, Khan WI, Corthesy-Theulaz I, Cherbut C, Bergonzelli GE, Collins SM. Gastroenterology. 2010 Dec;139(6):2102-2112.e1.

Bifidobacteria exert strain-specific effects on stress-related behavior and physiology in BALB/c mice. Savignac HM, Kiely B, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014 Nov;26(11):1615-27.

Bifidobacteria modulate cognitive processes in an anxious mouse strain. Savignac HM, Tramullas M, Kiely B, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Behav Brain Res. 2015;287:59-72.

Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve. Bravo JA, Forsythe P, Chew MV, Escaravage E, Savignac HM, Dinan TG, Bienenstock J, Cryan JF. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Sep 20;108(38):16050-5.

Voices from within: gut microbes and the CNS. Forsythe P, Kunze WA. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2013 Jan;70(1):55-69.

MentaBiotics: Prebiotics

Prebiotic administration normalizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anxiety and cortical 5-HT2A receptor and IL1-β levels in male mice. Savignac HM, Couch Y, Stratford M, Bannerman DM, Tzortzis G, Anthony DC, Burnet PWJ. Brain Behav Immun. 2016 Feb;52:120-131.

Influence of galacto-oligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) on gut microbiota, immune parameters and metabonomics in elderly persons. Vulevic J, Juric A, Walton GE, Claus SP, Tzortzis G, Toward RE, Gibson GR. Br J Nutr. 2015 Aug 28;114(4):586-95.

Prebiotic intake reduces the waking cortisol response and alters emotional bias in healthy volunteers. Schmidt K, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ, Tzortzis G, Errington S, Burnet PW. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2015 May;232(10):1793-801.

In vitro fermentation of B-GOS: impact on faecal bacterial populations and metabolic activity in autistic and non-autistic children. Grimaldi R, Cela D, Swann JR, Vulevic J, Gibson GR, Tzortzis G, Costabile A. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2017 Feb;93(2):fiw233.

An In Vitro Approach to Study Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on the Faecal Microbiota and Selected Immune Parameters Relevant to the Elderly. Liu Y, Gibson GR, Walton GE. PLoS One. 2016 Sep 9;11(9):e0162604.

Fermentation properties and potential prebiotic activity of Bimuno® galacto-oligosaccharide (65 % galacto-oligosaccharide content) on in vitro gut microbiota parameters. Grimaldi R, Swann JR, Vulevic J, Gibson GR, Costabile A. Br J Nutr. 2016 Aug;116(3):480-6.

A mixture of trans-galactooligosaccharides reduces markers of metabolic syndrome and modulates the fecal microbiota and immune function of overweight adults. Vulevic J, Juric A, Tzortzis G, Gibson GR. J Nutr. 2013 Mar;143(3):324-31.

Drakoularakou A, Tzortzis G, Rastall RA, Gibson GR. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized human study assessing the capacity of a novel galacto-oligosaccharide mixture in reducing travellers’ diarrhoea. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Feb;64(2):146-52.

Modulation of the fecal microflora profile and immune function by a novel trans-galactooligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) in healthy elderly volunteers. Vulevic J, Drakoularakou A, Yaqoob P, Tzortzis G, Gibson GR. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Nov;88(5):1438-46.

Role of PHGG as a dietary fiber: a review article. Quartarone G. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2013 Dec;59(4):329-40. PMID: 24212352.

Role of partially hydrolyzed guar gum in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Giannini EG, Mansi C, Dulbecco P, Savarino V. Nutrition. 2006 Mar;22(3):334-42.

In vitro analysis of partially hydrolyzed guar gum fermentation on identified gut microbiota. Carlson J, Gould T, Slavin J. Anaerobe. 2016 Dec;42:60-66.

Partially hydrolysed guar gum ameliorates murine intestinal inflammation in association with modulating luminal microbiota and SCFA. Takagi T, Naito Y, Higashimura Y, Ushiroda C, Mizushima K, Ohashi Y, Yasukawa Z, Ozeki M, Tokunaga M, Okubo T, Katada K, Kamada K, Uchiyama K, Handa O, Itoh Y, Yoshikawa T. Br J Nutr. 2016 Oct;116(7):1199-1205.

Probiotics for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Clinical Data in Children. Giannetti E, Staiano A. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016 Jul;63 Suppl 1:S25-6.

Consumption of partially hydrolysed guar gum stimulates Bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing bacteria in the human large intestine. Ohashi Y, Sumitani K, Tokunaga M, Ishihara N, Okubo T, Fujisawa T. Benef Microbes. 2015;6(4):451-5.

Microbiota benefits after inulin and partially hydrolized guar gum supplementation: a randomized clinical trial in constipated women. Linetzky Waitzberg D, Alves Pereira CC, Logullo L, Manzoni Jacintho T, Almeida D, Teixeira da Silva ML, Matos de Miranda Torrinhas RS. Nutr Hosp. 2012 Jan-Feb;27(1):123-9.

Randomized clinical study: Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) versus placebo in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Niv E, Halak A, Tiommny E, Yanai H, Strul H, Naftali T, Vaisman N. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2016 Feb 6;13:10.

MentaBiotics: Phytobiotic Blend

Anti-stress Effect of Green Tea with Lowered Caffeine on Humans: A Pilot Study. Unno K, Yamada H, Iguchi K, Ishida H, Iwao Y, Morita A, Nakamura Y. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(6):902-909.

Anti-stress effect of theanine on students during pharmacy practice: positive correlation among salivary α-amylase activity, trait anxiety and subjective stress. Unno K, Tanida N, Ishii N, Yamamoto H, Iguchi K, Hoshino M, Takeda A, Ozawa H, Ohkubo T, Juneja LR, Yamada H. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2013 Oct;111:128-35.

Anti-Stress, Behavioural and Magnetoencephalography Effects of an L-Theanine-Based Nutrient Drink: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. White DJ, de Klerk S, Woods W, Gondalia S, Noonan C, Scholey AB. Nutrients. 2016 Jan 19;8(1):53.

L-theanine, unique amino acid of tea, and its metabolism, health effects, and safety. Türközü D, Şanlier N. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017 May 24;57(8):1681-1687.

Effects of L-theanine on posttraumatic stress disorder induced changes in rat brain gene expression. Ceremuga TE, Martinson S, Washington J, Revels R, Wojcicki J, Crawford D, Edwards R, Kemper JL, Townsend WL, Herron GM, Ceremuga GA, Padron G, Bentley M. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:419032.

Advantageous effect of theanine intake on cognition. Tamano H, Fukura K, Suzuki M, Sakamoto K, Yokogoshi H, Takeda A. Nutr Neurosci. 2014 Nov;17(6):279-83.

Preventive effect of theanine intake on stress-induced impairments of hippocamapal long-term potentiation and recognition memory. Tamano H, Fukura K, Suzuki M, Sakamoto K, Yokogoshi H, Takeda A. Brain Res Bull. 2013 Jun;95:1-6.

Protective effect of l-theanine on chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Tian X, Sun L, Gou L, Ling X, Feng Y, Wang L, Yin X, Liu Y. Brain Res. 2013 Mar 29;1503:24-32.

Effects of L-theanine or caffeine intake on changes in blood pressure under physical and psychological stresses. Yoto A, Motoki M, Murao S, Yokogoshi H. J Physiol Anthropol. 2012 Oct 29;31(1):28.

Ingestion of theanine, an amino acid in tea, suppresses psychosocial stress in mice. Unno K, Iguchi K, Tanida N, Fujitani K, Takamori N, Yamamoto H, Ishii N, Nagano H, Nagashima T, Hara A, Shimoi K, Hoshino M. Exp Physiol. 2013 Jan;98(1):290-303.

Theanine intake improves the shortened lifespan, cognitive dysfunction and behavioural depression that are induced by chronic psychosocial stress in mice. Unno K, Fujitani K, Takamori N, Takabayashi F, Maeda K, Miyazaki H, Tanida N, Iguchi K, Shimoi K, Hoshino M. Free Radic Res. 2011 Aug;45(8):966-74.

Antidepressant-like effects of L-theanine in the forced swim and tail suspension tests in mice. Yin C, Gou L, Liu Y, Yin X, Zhang L, Jia G, Zhuang X. Phytother Res. 2011 Nov;25(11):1636-9.

l-Theanine, an amino acid in green tea, attenuates beta-amyloid-induced cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity: reduction in oxidative damage and inactivation of ERK/p38 kinase and NF-kappaB pathways. Kim TI, Lee YK, Park SG, Choi IS, Ban JO, Park HK, Nam SY, Yun YW, Han SB, Oh KW, Hong JT. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Dec 1;47(11):1601-10.

Protective effect of the green tea component, L-theanine on environmental toxins-induced neuronal cell death. Cho HS, Kim S, Lee SY, Park JA, Kim SJ, Chun HS. Neurotoxicology. 2008 Jul;29(4):656-62.

L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Kimura K, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, Ohira H. Biol Psychol. 2007 Jan;74(1):39-45.

Effects of Applephenon and ascorbic acid on physical fatigue. Ataka S, Tanaka M, Nozaki S, Mizuma H, Mizuno K, Tahara T, Sugino T, Shirai T, Kajimoto Y, Kuratsune H, Kajimoto O, Watanabe Y. Nutrition. 2007 May;23(5):419-23.

Apples and cardiovascular health–is the gut microbiota a core consideration? Koutsos A, Tuohy KM, Lovegrove JA. Nutrients. 2015 May 26;7(6):3959-98.

Dietary flavonoids from modified apple reduce inflammation markers and modulate gut microbiota in mice. Espley RV, Butts CA, Laing WA, Martell S, Smith H, McGhie TK, Zhang J, Paturi G, Hedderley D, Bovy A, Schouten HJ, Putterill J, Allan AC, Hellens RP. J Nutr. 2014 Feb;144(2):146-54.

Apple polyphenol extracts prevent damage to human gastric epithelial cells in vitro and to rat gastric mucosa in vivo. Graziani G, D’Argenio G, Tuccillo C, Loguercio C, Ritieni A, Morisco F, Del Vecchio Blanco C, Fogliano V, Romano M. Gut. 2005 Feb;54(2):193-200.

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates inflammation and adiposity by modulating gut microbiota in high-fat diet mice. Liu W, Zhao S, Wang J, Shi J, Sun Y, Wang W, Ning G, Hong J, Liu R. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 Sep;61(9).

Chronic supplementation with dietary proanthocyanidins protects from diet-induced intestinal alterations in obese rats. Gil-Cardoso K, Ginés I, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Arola L, Blay M, Terra X. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 Aug;61(8).

Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) improve weaned intestinal microbiota and mucosal barrier using a piglet model. Han M, Song P, Huang C, Rezaei A, Farrar S, Brown MA, Ma X. Oncotarget. 2016 Dec 6;7(49):80313-80326.

In vitro extraction and fermentation of polyphenols from grape seeds (Vitis vinifera) by human intestinal microbiota. Zhou L, Wang W, Huang J, Ding Y, Pan Z, Zhao Y, Zhang R, Hu B, Zeng X. Food Funct. 2016 Apr;7(4):1959-67.

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Obesity-Linked Metabolic Diseases and Prebiotic Potential of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts. Anhê FF, Varin TV, Le Barz M, Desjardins Y, Levy E, Roy D, Marette A. Curr Obes Rep. 2015 Dec;4(4):389-400.

Grape seed extract improves epithelial structure and suppresses inflammation in ileum of IL-10-deficient mice. Yang G, Wang H, Kang Y, Zhu MJ. Food Funct. 2014 Oct;5(10):2558-63.

Gastroprotective Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extracts against Nonsteroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats. Kim TH, Jeon EJ, Cheung DY, Kim CW, Kim SS, Park SH, Han SW, Kim MJ, Lee YS, Cho ML, Chang JH, Min JK, Kim JI. Gut Liver. 2013 May;7(3):282-9.

Effects of proanthocyanidins from grape seed on treatment of recurrent ulcerative colitis in rats. Wang YH, Yang XL, Wang L, Cui MX, Cai YQ, Li XL, Wu YJ. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2010 Sep;88(9):888-98.

Impact of increasing fruit and vegetables and flavonoid intake on the human gut microbiota. Klinder A, Shen Q, Heppel S, Lovegrove JA, Rowland I, Tuohy KM. Food Funct. 2016 Apr;7(4):1788-96.

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Obesity-Linked Metabolic Diseases and Prebiotic Potential of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts. Anhê FF, Varin TV, Le Barz M, Desjardins Y, Levy E, Roy D, Marette A. Curr Obes Rep. 2015 Dec;4(4):389-400.

The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier. Marchesi JR, Adams DH, Fava F, Hermes GD, Hirschfield GM, Hold G, Quraishi MN, Kinross J, Smidt H, Tuohy KM, Thomas LV, Zoetendal EG, Hart A. Gut. 2016 Feb;65(2):330-9.

Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis and Its Effect on Neuropsychiatric Disorders With Suspected Immune Dysregulation. Petra AI, Panagiotidou S, Hatziagelaki E, Stewart JM, Conti P, Theoharides TC. Clin Ther. 2015 May 1;37(5):984-95.

A survey of modulation of gut microbiota by dietary polyphenols. Dueñas M, Muñoz-González I, Cueva C, Jiménez-Girón A, Sánchez-Patán F, Santos-Buelga C, Moreno-Arribas MV, Bartolomé B. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:850902.

Interaction of dietary compounds, especially polyphenols, with the intestinal microbiota: a review. Duda-Chodak A, Tarko T, Satora P, Sroka P. Eur J Nutr. 2015 Apr;54(3):325-41.

Cognitive decline, dietary factors and gut-brain interactions. Caracciolo B, Xu W, Collins S, Fratiglioni L. Mech Ageing Dev. 2014 Mar-Apr;136-137:59-69.

Metabolomics view on gut microbiome modulation by polyphenol-rich foods. Moco S, Martin FP, Rezzi S. J Proteome Res. 2012 Oct 5;11(10):4781-90.

Up-regulating the human intestinal microbiome using whole plant foods, polyphenols, and/or fiber. Tuohy KM, Conterno L, Gasperotti M, Viola R. J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Sep 12;60(36):8776-82.

The intestinal microbiome: a separate organ inside the body with the metabolic potential to influence the bioactivity of botanicals. Possemiers S, Bolca S, Verstraete W, Heyerick A. Fitoterapia. 2011 Jan;82(1):53-66.

MentaBiotics: Digestive Performance Blend

The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinalis) and artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) extract supplementation on gastric motility: a pilot randomized study in healthy volunteers. Lazzini S, Polinelli W, Riva A, Morazzoni P, Bombardelli E. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(1):146-9.

The Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) and Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) Extract Supplementation on Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomised, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Giacosa A, Guido D, Grassi M, Riva A, Morazzoni P, Bombardelli E, Perna S, Faliva MA, Rondanelli M. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:915087.

Edge (all-natural nootropic)

Palm Fruit Bioactive Complex (PFBc), a Source of Polyphenols, Demonstrates Potential Benefits for Inflammaging and Related Cognitive Function. Hewlings SJ, Draayer K, Kalman DS. Nutrients. 2021 Mar 30;13(4):1127.

Palm Fruit Bioactives augment expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Nile Grass Rat basal ganglia and alter the colonic microbiome. Weinberg RP, Koledova VV, Subramaniam A, Schneider K, Artamonova A, Sambanthamurthi R, Hayes KC, Sinskey AJ, Rha C. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 9;9(1):18625.

Beneficial effects of date palm fruits on neurodegenerative diseases. Essa MM, Akbar M, Khan MA. Neural Regen Res. 2016 Jul;11(7):1071-2.

Oligomerized polyphenols in lychee fruit extract supplements may improve high-intensity exercise performance in male athletes: a pilot study. Kawamura A, Hashimoto S, Suzuki M, Ueno H, Sugita M. Phys Act Nutr. 2021 Sep;25(3):8-15.

Litchi Pericarp Extract Treats Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response, and Energy Metabolism. Yang Z, Zhang L, Liu J, Li D. Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Apr 21;13(4):495.

Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, attenuates diabetes-induced renal damage through the advanced glycation end product-related pathway in db/db mice. Park CH, Yokozawa T, Noh JS. J Nutr. 2014 Aug;144(8):1150-7.

Bioactivity of a flavanol-rich lychee fruit extract in adipocytes and its effects on oxidant defense and indices of metabolic syndrome in animal models. Kalgaonkar S, Nishioka H, Gross HB, Fujii H, Keen CL, Hackman RM. Phytother Res. 2010 Aug;24(8):1223-8.

Biological and Phytopharmacological Descriptions of Litchi Chinensis. Kilari EK, Putta S. Pharmacogn Rev. 2016 Jan-Jun;10(19):60-5.

Oligomerized lychee fruit extract (OLFE) and a mixture of vitamin C and vitamin E for endurance capacity in a double blind randomized controlled trial. Kang SW, Hahn S, Kim JK, Yang SM, Park BJ, Chul Lee S. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2012 Mar;50(2):106-13.

Acute effects of mango leaf extract on cognitive function in healthy adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Dodd FL, Kennedy DO, Johnson J, Haworth E, Greener JP, Jackson PA. Front Nutr. 2024 Apr 11;11:1298807.

Mangosteen Pericarp and Its Bioactive Xanthones: Potential Therapeutic Value in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Depression with Pharmacokinetic and Safety Profiles. Do HTT, Cho J. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 27;21(17):6211.

Acute Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Leaf Extract of Mangifera indica L. (Zynamite) on Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Wightman EL, Jackson PA, Forster J, Khan J, Wiebe JC, Gericke N, Kennedy DO. Nutrients. 2020 Jul 23;12(8):2194.

A Single Dose of The Mango Leaf Extract Zynamite^® in Combination with Quercetin Enhances Peak Power Output During Repeated Sprint Exercise in Men and Women. Gelabert-Rebato, M., Martin-Rincon, M., Galvan-Alvarez, V., Gallego-Selles, A., Martinez-Canton, M., Vega-Morales, T., Wiebe, J. C., Fernandez-del Castillo, C., Castilla-Hernandez, E., Diaz-Tiberio, O., & Calbet, J. A. L. (2019). Nutrients, 11(11), 2592.

Supplementation with a Mango Leaf Extract (Zynamite^®) in Combination with Quercetin Attenuates Muscle Damage and Pain and Accelerates Recovery after Strenuous Damaging Exercise. Martin-Rincon, M., Gelabert-Rebato, M., Galvan-Alvarez, V., Gallego-Selles, A., Martinez-Canton, M., Lopez-Rios, L., Wiebe, J. C., Martin-Rodriguez, S., Arteaga-Ortiz, R., Dorado, C., Perez-Regalado, S., Santana, A., Morales-Alamo, D., & Calbet, J. A. L. (2020). Nutrients, 12(3), 614.